Inclusion Criteria
Firms within the dataset are classified as Private Equity when their primary economic exposure is to equity ownership in private companies. These investments involve taking controlling or significant minority stakes in established or growing businesses. Value creation is driven by operational improvement, strategic guidance, and earnings growth in the portfolio companies, with exits via sale or IPO. This includes leveraged buyouts, management buyouts, growth equity for mature companies, development capital, and turnaround or restructuring investments.
