Inclusion Criteria
Firms within the dataset are classified as Infrastructure when their primary economic exposure is to essential physical systems and networks that provide public or utility services. Returns are driven by long-term operational cash flows under regulated or contracted terms, not by short-term trading or asset resale. Examples include ownership or financing of transport systems (roads, rail, ports, airports), energy and utility networks (power generation, transmission grids, renewables), digital infrastructure (telecom towers, data centers, fibre networks), water and waste systems, and social infrastructure.
